- One of the biggest threats to oak trees in Texas is oak wilt, an often deadly fungal disease which compromises the tree’s ability to retain water. Although all oaks are vulnerable to this pathogen, red oaks, including Texas oaks, Shumard oaks, blackjack oaks and water oaks are the most at risk.
- The blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) is also known as the Jack oak, black oak, and barren oak. A small deciduous tree that grows 20 to 30 feet (maximum 90 feet) with a trunk diameter of 1 foot or less. It is similar to the post oak which also grows with blackjack oak, but the leaf lobes are more pronounced and not bristle-tipped.
- What Does Blackjack Oak Leaves Look Like
- What Does Blackjack Oak Look Like Acorns
- What Does Blackjack Oak Look Like Wood
- What Does Blackjack Oak Look Like Look
- What Does A Blackjack Oak Tree Look Like
I had to go through all 100 again to find the one that looked like persimmon. It was nannyberry. But it's a large shrub/small tree. Your bark pictures don't look like persimmon. Got any shots of the leaves? I agree with tswoodshop on his lookalikes. I'll add blackjack oak to the mix. But these bear only a passing resemblence. Here's a persimmon. Quercus marilandica, the blackjack oak, is a small oak, one of the red oak group Quercus sect. It is native to the eastern and central United States, from Long Island to Florida, west as far as Texas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. There are reports of a few isolated populations in southern Michigan, but these appear to represent introductions.
Blackjack Oak
Quercus marilandica
Beech family (Fagaceae)
Quercus marilandica
Beech family (Fagaceae)
Description: This small single-trunked tree is typically 10–30' tall in the wild, although in cultivation it may become 30–50' tall. The crown of this tree is usually as broad as it is across in open areas and densely branched, while in more shaded areas the crown becomes more open and elongated. However, small trees that are stunted from rocky barren ground often have a crown that is irregularly shaped and open. The trunk is up to 1' across and short; it is covered with nearly black coarse bark that is irregularly furrowed or blocky. The smaller branches and older twigs are more gray and smooth; they tend to be short and craggy. Young twigs are light brown with short brown pubescence toward their tips; the conical or bluntly conical buds are also light brown with short brown pubescence.
Alternate leaves occur along young twigs; they are 3–7' long, 2½–6' across, and obovate or obovate-obconic in outline with 3–5 shallow lobes along their outer margins. The lobes of the leaves taper to tips that are obtusely angled, shallowly rounded, or bluntly square-shaped; each lobe has an exserted vein. The leaf base is narrowly rounded to wedge-shaped, while the leaf margins are irregularly undulate or slightly curved where the shallow lobes don't occur. The upper leaf surface is dark green, shiny, and sparsely covered with short brown pubescence that is stellate (star-shaped). The lower leaf surface is light-medium green, dull, and moderately covered with short brown pubescence that is stellate. Such brownish pubescence is especially common along the lower sides of leaf veins. The petioles are 3–12 mm. (up to ½') long; they are greenish white or pale yellow, and glabrous or with short brown pubescence. Like other oaks, this oak is monoecious with male (staminate) and female (pistillate) florets occurring on the same tree. The male florets are distributed along drooping greenish yellow catkins up to 5' long; each male floret (less than 3 mm. in size) has about 6 stamens, a short calyx with 4-6 lobes, and early-deciduous bractlets. The female florets are nearly sessile on the twigs; each female floret (less than 3 mm. in size) consists of an ovary with 2-3 styles, a calyx with 4-6 lobes, and several surrounding bractlets.
The blooming period occurs from mid- to late-spring, lasting about 1–2 weeks. Cross-pollination of the florets is by wind. Afterwards, fertile female florets slowly develop into nearly sessile acorns that are solitary or in clusters of 2–3. These acorns take 2 years to develop and they don't become mature until autumn of the following year. Individual acorns are about ¾' long and ½' across, consisting of a rather deep cup with light brown pubescent scales and an ovoid nut that is smooth-sided, light to medium brown, and pointed at its apex. The cup extends along one-third to one-half of the length of the acorn and partially overlaps the nut. The interior of the nut is nearly white, meaty, and somewhat bitter. The woody root system of this tree produces a deep taproot with more shallow lateral roots. This tree reproduces by reseeding itself. During autumn, the leaves become dull yellow to red before turning brown; they have a tendency to persist on this tree during the winter.
What Does Blackjack Oak Leaves Look Like
Cultivation: The preference is full sun, dry-mesic to dry conditions, and barren ground containing sand, gravel, clay, and/or rocky material. This tree grows slowly and can live up to 200 years.
Range & Habitat: Blackjack Oak (Quercus marilandica) is native to southern and west-central Illinois, where it is occasional (see Distribution Map). Elsewhere within the state, it does not occur as a wild tree. Illinois lies along the northern range-limit of this tree; it occurs primarily in the southeast and southern plains area of the USA. Habitats include upland rocky woodlands, rocky outcrops, thinly wooded bluffs, upland sandy woodlands, upland sandy savannas, sandstone glades, limestone glades, shale glades, edges of sandy prairies, and abandoned fields. Blackjack Oak typically occurs in drier areas of oak-hickory woodlands and savannas; in sandy areas of Illinois, it often occurs with Black Oak (Quercus velutina). Blackjack Oak is often top-killed by wildfires, but it can resprout from its roots. In Illinois, it is usually found in higher quality natural areas.
Faunal Associations: Like other oaks, Blackjack Oak (Quercus marilandica) is a food plant of many insects. Examples of insects that are known to feed on this oak include leaf beetles (Metachroma laevicolle, Xanthonia striata), nut-feeding larvae of weevils (Curculio humeralis, Curculio longidens), aphids (Myzocallis punctatus), armored scales (Melanapis obscura), leaf-mining larvae of moths (Nepticula quercipulchella), and leafhoppers (Eratoneura spp.). In particular, Blackjack Oak is a preferred host plant of the leafhoppers Eratoneura havana, Eratoneura marilandicae, and Eratoneura tenuitas (Clark et al., 2004; Gibson, 1985; Hottes & Frison, 1931; ScaleNet, 2014; Needham et al., 1928; Dmitriev & Dietrich, 2010). Other insects that feed on this and other oaks include the larvae of wood-boring beetles (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae), the larvae of bark beetles (Scolytidae), treehoppers (Membracidae), the larvae of sawflies (Tenthredinidae), the larvae of skippers (Hesperiidae), the larvae of Hairstreak butterflies (Lycaenidae), walkingsticks (Diapheromeridae, Pseudophasmatidae), and the larvae of hundreds of moths (Geometridae, Noctuidae, Saturniidae, etc.).
Among vertebrate animals, the relatively small acorns of this tree are eaten by such birds as the American Crow, Blue Jay, Tufted Titmouse, Bobwhite Quail, Wild Turkey, Greater Prairie Chicken, Ring-necked Pheasant, Red-headed Woodpecker, Red-bellied Woodpecker, and Passenger Pigeon (now extinct). Mammals that feed on the acorns include the Gray Fox, American Black Bear, White-tailed Deer, Raccoon, Eastern Gray Squirrel, Fox Squirrel, Prairie Vole, and White-footed Mouse (DeGraaf, 2002; Martin et al., 1951/1961). This small tree provides good cover for birds, mammals, and other wildlife.
Photographic Location: A sandy savanna and edge of an upland sand prairie at the Sand Prairie & Scrub Oak Nature Preserve in Mason County, Illinois.
Comments: With the exception of the Dwarf Chinkapin Oak (Quercus prinoides), this is the smallest oak in Illinois. Blackjack Oak is rarely cultivated, but it is able to adapt to harsh dry environments of various kinds. This oak can be easily identified by its small size, the unusual shape to its leaves, and the short brown pubescence on its young twigs and leaves (especially the undersides of the latter). This oak is known to hybridize with many other oaks species in the Red Oak/Black Oak group, and such hybrids are common, causing irregularities in the shape of its leaves. The purest strain of Blackjack Oak has leaves with only 3-5 lobes and those lobes are obtusely pointed, rather than rounded. When this oak hybridizes with other oaks, such as Post Oak (Quercus stellata) or Black Oak (Quercus velutina), the leaves will have more rounded and abundant lobes. The photograph of the leaves for the hybrid Bush's Oak (Quercus marilandica × Quercus velutina, Quercus × bushii) shows what such leaves look like.
Blackjack oak | |
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Dormant blackjack in the Cross Timbers of Lincoln County, Oklahoma | |
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Fagaceae |
Genus: | Quercus |
Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
Section: | Quercus sect. Lobatae |
Species: | |
Binomial name | |
Quercus marilandica Muenchh.[2] | |
Generalized natural range of Quercus marilandica | |
Synonyms[3][4] | |
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Quercus marilandica, the blackjack oak, is a small oak, one of the red oak groupQuercus sect. Lobatae. It is native to the eastern and central United States, from Long Island to Florida, west as far as Texas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. There are reports of a few isolated populations in southern Michigan, but these appear to represent introductions.[5][6]
Blackjack oak leaves
Blackjack oak stump, approx. 75 years old
Quercus marilandica is a small deciduoustree growing to 15 meters (49 feet) tall, with bark cracked into rectangular black plates with narrow orange fissures. The leaves are 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long and broad, and typically flare from a tapered base to a broad three-lobed bell shape with only shallow indentations. They are dark green and glossy above, pubescent underneath, and often remain attached to the twigs through the winter after turning colors from red to brown in the fall. Crown casino melbourne poker room. The acorn is small, 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in) long and 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) broad; like other red oaks, it takes 18 months to mature.[7]
What Does Blackjack Oak Look Like Acorns
Habitat and distribution[edit]
The blackjack oak grows in poor, thin, dry, rocky or sandy soils where few other woody plants can thrive, usually on low ground, from sea level up to approximately 2,800 feet (850 meters) in altitude. Some commentators say that it does not have the beautiful form of many oaks, but is nonetheless a valuable tree for growing in problem sites.[8] Some say that the tree is 'tough but ugly', but also underappreciated.[9][10] At times the tree has even been actively eradicated to provide room for trees deemed to be more commercially valuable.[11]
It is sometimes an understory tree in pine stands on sandy knolls in the southeastern US. Along the coastal plain of New Jersey the probability of finding this species is increased in relatively sunny, open areas such as those near coastal salt marshes. It often occurs near scarlet and post oaks as well as pitch pine; understory companions include winged sumac, bracken, sweetfern, and bayberry, and can be found as far north as parts of Ohio[12] and New York.
A variety, Quercus marilandica Münchhausen var. asheiSudworth,[7] grows in the western portions of its range – northern Texas, Oklahoma, and into southern Kansas. In this area, blackjack and post oak form a semi-savanna area composed of forested strips intermixed with prairie grass glades along the eastern edge of the southern Great Plains. This semi-savanna is known as the Cross Timbers.[13][14][15] Scrub forms of Q. marilandica dominate on many chert glades along with Q.stellata in Arkansas's Ozark plateau.[16]
Blackjack oak sometimes hybridizes with bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia), forming a hybrid known as Q. × brittonii.[17]
Blackjacks in the Cross Timbers can grow from 50 to 60 feet (15 to 18 m) high with a trunk diameter of 16 inches (41 cm), but seldom reach more than 40 feet (12 m). The leaves are from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 cm) in length and about the same width. Blackjack acorns provide food for both whitetail deer and wild turkey. Blackjacks may, however, cause tannic acid poisoning in cattle.
Uses[edit]
The wood is very dense and produces a hot flame when burned, which functions as an excellent source of heat for barbecues and wood-burning stoves. However, the wood is not desirable for wood fireplaces because the heat causes popping, thereby increasing the risk of house fires.[18]
Deposit by phone bill poker tournaments. Traditionally blackjack wood is used as both a fuel and smoke wood for barbecue in Oklahoma.
References[edit]
What Does Blackjack Oak Look Like Wood
- ^Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L. (2015). 'Quercus marilandica'. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2017.old-form url
- ^Münchhausen, Otto von (1770). 'Verzeichniß der Bäume und Stauden, welche in Deutschland fortkommen'. Der Hausvater. 5. Hannover: Försters und Sohns Erben. pp. 253: diagnosis in Latin, description in German in Teutonic script.
- ^'Quercus marilandica (L.) Münchh'. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via The Plant List.
- ^'Quercus marilandica Münchh'. Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^'Quercus marilandica Range Map'(PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^'Quercus marilandica'. County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ abNixon, Kevin C. (1997). 'Quercus marilandica'. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 3. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^Liming, Franklin G. (1 March 1942). 'Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks'. Journal of Forestry. Society of American Foresters. 40 (3): 249–252.
- ^Klingaman, Gerald (September 22, 2000). 'Plant of the Week: Blackjack Oak'. Extension News. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Nelson, John (12 January 2017). 'Blackjack oak grows in hardscrabble habitat'. Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Clark, F. Bryan; Liming, Franklin G. (December 1953), Sprouting of Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks, Technical Paper No. 137, Division of Forest Management, Central States Forest Experiment Station
- ^'Blackjack Oak'. What Tree Is It?. Ohio Public Library Information Network and The Ohio Historical Society. 1997.
- ^Oklahoma Biological Survey (2016). 'Ancient Cross Timbers'. University of Oklahoma. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Oklahoma Forestry Services. 'Oklahoma's Forests > Oklahoma's Major Forest Types > Post Oak-Blackjack Forest'. Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Engle, David M. (18 March 1997). 'Oak ecology'. Stillwater, Oklahoma: Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Hogan, C. Michael (26 November 2012). 'Oak'. In Dawson, A.; Cleveland, C.J. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013.
- ^Shapiro, Leo (28 September 2012). 'Quercus marilandica – Blackjack Oak'. Encyclopedia of Life. Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Hatch, Stephan L.; Pluhar, Jennifer, eds. (1999). Texas Range Plants. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN0-89096-538-2.
What Does Blackjack Oak Look Like Look
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus marilandica. |
What Does A Blackjack Oak Tree Look Like
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